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- <text id=93TT0976>
- <title>
- Feb. 22, 1993: Is It Live or Is It Cybernetic?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Feb. 22, 1993 Uncle Bill Wants You
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE, Page 63
- Is It Live or Is It Cybernetic?
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>What does it mean to be alive? The question might seem best
- suited to philosophers and physicians, but thanks to a subspecialty
- of complexity theory known as artificial life, it has become
- a hot topic among computer jocks.
- </p>
- <p> Artificial life grew out of a type of computer program called
- a cellular automaton, invented by the Hungarian mathematician
- John von Neumann, creator of one of the first digital computers
- in the 1940s. A cellular automaton creates ever changing onscreen
- patterns by instructing dots to change color based on the colors
- of neighboring dots. The result is a lively, self-organizing
- community of dots. In the 1980s Christopher Langton, a researcher
- at Los Alamos National Laboratory, discovered a cellular automaton
- containing a loop-shaped figure that could spontaneously reproduce
- itself--the same thing molecules of DNA do. Says Langton:
- "That was a watershed."
- </p>
- <p> With self-reproducing "cells"--and, later, electronic ants,
- birds and other organisms--scientists could actually test
- the notion that the equations of complexity really describe
- natural systems. Computer life does seem to mimic real life,
- at least crudely: it eats, reproduces and evolves. So if it
- looks like a duck, walks like a duck and quacks like a duck,
- isn't it reasonable to call it a duck? The answer from many
- complexity theorists: Yes, they've created a silicon-based life-form.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-